1. Alamar reflux na hanta
Idan gazawar zuciya ta dama ta haifar da toshewar hanta da kumburi, ana iya matse hanta da hannu don sanya jijiyoyin jugular su yi yawa. Abubuwan da suka fi faruwa sune rashin isasshen ventricular na dama da kuma toshewar hanta.
2. Alamar Cullen
Wanda kuma aka sani da alamar Coulomb, ecchymosis mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi a fatar da ke kewaye da cibiya ko bangon ciki na ƙasa alama ce ta babban zubar jini a cikin ciki, wanda ya fi yawa a cikin zubar jini a cikin mahaifa, ciwon pancreatitis mai tsanani na zubar jini, fashewar aortic aorta na ciki, da sauransu.
3. Alamar Toka-Turner
Idan majiyyaci ya kamu da ciwon pancreas mai tsanani, ruwan pancreas yana kwarara zuwa cikin sararin kyallen ƙasa na kugu da gefensa, yana narkar da kitsen ƙasa, kuma ƙwayoyin jini suna fashewa da zubar jini, wanda ke haifar da ecchymosis mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi a fata a waɗannan wurare, wanda ake kira alamar Grey-Turner.
4. Alamar Courvoisier
Idan ciwon daji na kan pancreas ya matse bututun bile na yau da kullun, ko kuma ciwon daji na tsakiya da ƙananan sassan bile ya haifar da toshewa, jaundice bayyananne yana faruwa. Kumburin mafitsara wanda yake da cystic, ba shi da taushi, yana da santsi kuma ana iya motsa shi, wanda ake kira alamar Courvoisier, wanda kuma aka sani da ci gaba da toshe bututun bile na yau da kullun.
5. Alamar ƙaiƙayi a cikin mahaifa
Kasancewar taushi, taushin da ke dawowa da kuma tashin hankalin tsokar ciki a cikin ciki a lokaci guda ana kiransa alamar haushin peritoneal, wanda kuma aka sani da triad na peritonitis. Alamar da aka saba gani ita ce ta peritonitis, musamman wurin da babban rauni ya faru. Yanayin tashin hankalin tsokar ciki ya dogara ne da dalilin da kuma yanayin majiyyaci. Yanayin gabaɗaya ya bambanta, kuma ƙaruwar kumburin ciki wata muhimmiyar alama ce ta tabarbarewar yanayin.
6. Alamar Murphy
Alamar Murphy mai kyau tana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman alamu a cikin ganewar cutar cholecystitis mai tsanani. Lokacin da aka taɓa yankin gallbladder a ƙarƙashin gefen dama na costal, an taɓa gallbladder mai kumburi kuma an nemi majiyyaci ya shaƙa sosai. Gallbladder mai kumburi da kumburi ya koma ƙasa. Majiyyacin ya ji ciwon ya yi tsanani kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya riƙe numfashinsa.
7. Alamar Mcburney
Jin zafi da kuma jin zafi a daidai wurin McBurney a ƙasan ciki na dama (mahadar cibiya da kuma kashi 1/3 na kashin baya na gaba na sama da na waje) abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin cutar appendicitis mai tsanani.
8. Triad na Charcot
Ciwon cholangitis mai tsanani yakan bayyana tare da ciwon ciki, sanyi, zazzabi mai zafi, da jaundice, wanda aka fi sani da Chaco's triad.
1) Ciwon ciki: Yana faruwa ne a ƙarƙashin tsarin xiphoid da kuma a cikin ɓangaren sama na dama, yawanci colic, tare da hare-haren paroxysmal ko ciwo mai ɗorewa tare da ƙaruwar paroxysms, wanda zai iya haskakawa zuwa kafada da baya na dama, tare da tashin zuciya da amai. Sau da yawa yana tasowa bayan cin abinci mai mai.
2) Sanyi da zazzabi: Bayan toshewar bututun bile, matsin lamba a cikin bututun bile yana ƙaruwa, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da kamuwa da cuta ta biyu. Bakteriya da guba na iya komawa cikin jini ta hanyar bututun bile na capillary da sinusoids na hanta, wanda ke haifar da ƙumburin hanta na biliary, sepsis, septic shock, DIC, da sauransu, gabaɗaya yana bayyana a matsayin zazzabi mai faɗi, tare da zafin jiki har zuwa 39 zuwa 40°C.
3) Ciwon Jaundice: Bayan duwatsu sun toshe hanyar bile, marasa lafiya na iya samun fitsari mai launin rawaya mai duhu da kuma tabon fata da sclera, wasu kuma na iya fuskantar kaikayin fata.
9. Reynolds (Renault) alamomi biyar
Ba a rage yawan daurin da aka yi wa mutum a kan dutse ba, kumburin yana ƙara ta'azzara, kuma majiyyacin yana fama da matsalar kwakwalwa da girgiza bisa ga triad na Charcot, wanda ake kira Raynaud's pentalogy.
10. Alamar Kehr
Jini a cikin ramin ciki yana motsa diaphragm na hagu, yana haifar da ciwon kafada na hagu, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin fashewar ƙashin baya.
11. Alamar obturator (gwajin tsokar tsokar obturator)
Majinyacin yana kwance a ƙasa, cinyar dama da cinyarsa suna lanƙwasa sannan sai ya juya ciki ba tare da ya motsa ba, wanda hakan ke haifar da ciwon ciki na ƙasan dama, wanda ake gani a cikin appendicitis (appendix ɗin yana kusa da tsokar ciki ta toshewa).
12. Alamar Rovsing (gwajin hauhawar hanji)
Majinyacin yana kwance a ƙasa, hannunsa na dama yana matse ƙasan hagu yayin da hannunsa na hagu kuma yana matse babban hanji, wanda ke haifar da ciwo a ƙasan dama, wanda ake gani a cikin cutar appendicitis.
13. Alamar kumburin X-ray barium
Barium yana nuna alamun ƙaiƙayi a ɓangaren hanji mai cutar, tare da zubar da ruwa cikin sauri da kuma rashin cikawa sosai, yayin da cikewa yana da kyau a ɓangaren sama da ƙasa na hanji. Wannan ana kiransa alamar ɓacin rai ta X-ray barium, wadda ta zama ruwan dare a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka na hanji.
14. Alamar halo biyu/alamar manufa
A matakin da cutar Crohn ke aiki, ingantaccen CT enterography (CTE) yana nuna cewa bangon hanji ya yi kauri sosai, mucosa na hanji yana ƙaruwa sosai, wani ɓangare na bangon hanji an raba shi, kuma zoben mucosa na ciki da zoben serosa na waje suna ƙaruwa sosai, suna nuna alamar halo biyu ko alamar manufa.
15. Alamar tsefe ta katako
A matakin da cutar Crohn ke aiki, CT enterography (CTE) yana nuna ƙaruwa a cikin tasoshin jini na mesenteric, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan kitsen mesenteric da blurring, da kuma faɗaɗa ƙwayar lymph ta mesenteric, wanda ke nuna "alamar tsefe ta katako".
16. Ciwon zuciya mai tsanani (enterogenic azotemia)
Bayan zubar jini mai yawa a cikin babban sashin gastrointestinal, ana shaye kayayyakin narkewar sunadaran jini a cikin hanji, kuma yawan sinadarin urea nitrogen a cikin jini na iya ƙaruwa na ɗan lokaci, wanda ake kira azotemia na enterogenic.
17. Ciwon Mallory-Weiss
Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan ciwo a asibiti shi ne ƙaruwar matsin lamba a cikin ciki kwatsam saboda tashin zuciya mai tsanani, amai da sauran dalilai, wanda ke haifar da tsagewar mucosa da submucosa na zuciya da esophagus na zuciya, wanda hakan ke haifar da zubar jini a cikin hanji na sama. Manyan alamun cutar su ne ciwon kai mai tsanani, wanda ke gaba da sake dawowa ko amai, wanda kuma ake kira ciwon kai na esophageal da cardiac mucosal tear syndrome.
18. Ciwon Zollinger-Ellison (gastrinoma, Zollinger-66Ellison syndrome)
Wani nau'in ciwon daji ne na gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine wanda ke da alaƙa da gyambo da yawa, wurare marasa daidaituwa, saurin kamuwa da matsalolin gyambo, da kuma rashin amsawa ga magungunan hana gyambon ciki akai-akai. Gudawa, yawan fitar da sinadarin acid na ciki, da kuma ƙaruwar matakan gastrin a cikin jini na iya faruwa.
Gastrinomas yawanci ƙanana ne, kuma kusan kashi 80% suna cikin alwatika na "gastrinoma" (watau, haɗuwar gallbladder da bututun bile na gama gari, sassan biyu da na uku na duodenum, da wuya da jikin pancreas). A cikin alwatika da mahaɗin ya samar), fiye da kashi 50% na gastrinomas suna da lahani, kuma wasu marasa lafiya sun kamu da cutar bayan an gano su.
19. Ciwon zubar da ciki
Bayan tiyatar cire ciki ta ƙananan jijiyoyi, saboda rashin aikin sarrafa pylorus, abubuwan da ke cikin ciki suna zubar da ruwa da sauri, wanda ke haifar da jerin alamun asibiti da ake kira ciwon dumping syndrome, wanda ya fi yawa a cikin PII anastomosis. Dangane da lokacin da alamun suka bayyana bayan cin abinci, an raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: da wuri da kuma a makare.
●Ciwon zubar da jini da wuri: Alamomin rashin isasshen jini na ɗan lokaci kamar bugun zuciya, gumi mai sanyi, gajiya, da fatar jiki mai launin fari suna bayyana bayan rabin sa'a bayan cin abinci. Yana tare da tashin zuciya da amai, ciwon ciki, da gudawa.
●Ciwon zubar da jini a makare: yana faruwa awanni 2 zuwa 4 bayan cin abinci. Manyan alamun sune jiri, launin fata mai haske, gumi mai sanyi, gajiya, da bugun zuciya cikin sauri. Tsarin shine bayan abinci ya shiga hanji, yana motsa yawan fitar insulin, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar sukarin jini. Ana kuma kiransa da ciwon suga.
20. Ciwon dystrophy mai sha
Ciwon asibiti ne inda ake samun ƙarancin sinadarai masu gina jiki saboda rashin aikin narkewar abinci da kuma shan sinadarai masu gina jiki a cikin ƙaramin hanji, wanda ke sa sinadaran gina jiki ba za a iya sha su yadda ya kamata ba kuma a fitar da su daga cikin najasa. A asibiti, sau da yawa yana bayyana a matsayin gudawa, siriri, nauyi, mai da sauran alamun shan kitse, don haka ana kiransa steatorrhea.
21. Ciwon PJ (ciwon polyposis mai launin shuɗi, PJS)
Wannan wata cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta a cikin jiki ba, wadda take da alaƙa da launin fata da mucosa, da kuma yawan polyps na hamartoma a cikin hanji, da kuma saurin kamuwa da ciwon daji.
PJS yana faruwa tun yana yara. Yayin da marasa lafiya ke tsufa, ƙwayoyin cuta na ciki suna ƙaruwa a hankali kuma suna ƙaruwa, suna haifar da matsaloli daban-daban, kamar su intussusception, toshewar hanji, zubar jini a cikin hanji, ciwon daji, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma jinkirin ci gaba a cikin yara.
22. Ciwon sashin ciki
Matsin da ke cikin ciki na mutum na yau da kullun yana kusa da matsin yanayi, 5 zuwa 7 mmHg.
Matsi a cikin ciki wanda ya kai ≥12 mmHg shine hawan jini a cikin ciki, kuma matsin lamba a cikin ciki wanda ya kai ≥20 mmHg tare da gazawar gabobin da ke da alaƙa da hawan jini a cikin ciki shine ciwon sashin ciki (ACS).
Alamomin Asibiti: Majinyaci yana da matsewar ƙirji, ƙarancin numfashi, wahalar numfashi, da kuma saurin bugun zuciya. Faɗuwar ciki da tashin hankali mai yawa na iya kasancewa tare da ciwon ciki, raunin sautin hanji ko ɓacewa, da sauransu. Hypercapnia (PaCO?>50 mmHg) da oliguria (fitar fitsari a kowace awa <0.5 mL/kg) na iya faruwa a farkon matakin ACS. Anuria, azotemia, gazawar numfashi da ƙarancin fitowar zuciya suna faruwa a matakin ƙarshe.
23. Ciwon jijiyoyin jini mafi girma
Wanda kuma aka sani da benign duodenal stasis da duodenal stasis, jerin alamomin da ke faruwa sakamakon rashin daidaituwar matsayin babban jijiyar mesenteric da ke matse ɓangaren kwance na duodenum, wanda ke haifar da toshewar duodenum gaba ɗaya ko gaba ɗaya.
Ya fi yawa a cikin mata manya masu fama da asthenic. Hiccups, tashin zuciya, da amai sun zama ruwan dare. Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan cuta shi ne cewa alamun suna da alaƙa da yanayin jiki. Idan aka yi amfani da wurin kwance, alamun matsewar suna ƙaruwa, yayin da idan aka yi amfani da wurin da ya dace, wurin da ke da alaƙa da ƙirji, ko wurin da ke gefen hagu, alamun za a iya rage su.
24. Ciwon madauri makafi
Ciwon gudawa, rashin isasshen jini, rashin shan ruwa da kuma raguwar nauyi wanda ke faruwa sakamakon tsayawar ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin hanji da kuma yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin lumen hanji. Ana ganinsa galibi a cikin samuwar madaukai makafi ko jakunkunan makafi (misali madaukai na hanji) bayan tiyatar gastrectomy da kuma rashin narkewar abinci a cikin hanji. Kuma yana faruwa ne sakamakon stasis.
25. Ciwon hanji na gajere
Yana nufin cewa bayan an yi tiyatar cire ƙananan hanji ko kuma cire su saboda dalilai daban-daban, ingantaccen yankin sha na hanji yana raguwa sosai, kuma sauran hanjin da ke aiki ba zai iya kula da abinci mai gina jiki ga majiyyaci ko buƙatun girma na yaron ba, da kuma alamun kamar gudawa, matsalolin acid-base/water/electrolyte, da kuma cututtukan da ke fama da rikice-rikicen sha da metabolism na abinci mai gina jiki daban-daban.
26. Ciwon hanta
Babban bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti sune oliguria, anuria da azotemia.
Kodan majiyyaci ba su da wani mummunan rauni. Saboda tsananin hawan jini da kuma yawan zagayawar jini a cikin jini, kwararar jini ta ragu sosai, kuma nau'ikan abubuwan vasodilator kamar prostaglandins, nitric oxide, glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, endotoxin, da peptides masu alaƙa da kwayoyin halitta na Calcium ba za a iya kashe su ta hanyar hanta ba, wanda ke haifar da faɗaɗawar jijiyoyin jini; yawan ruwa mai yawa na peritoneal na iya haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin matsin lamba a cikin ciki, wanda zai iya rage kwararar jinin koda, musamman ma hypoperfusion na koda, wanda ke haifar da gazawar koda.
Kashi 80% na marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar da ke ci gaba da sauri suna mutuwa cikin kimanin makonni 2. Nau'in cutar da ke ci gaba da ci gaba a hankali ya fi yawa a asibiti, sau da yawa yana nuna fitar ruwa daga ciki da kuma gazawar koda a hankali.
27. Ciwon hanta
Dangane da cutar hanta, bayan an cire cututtukan zuciya na farko, rashin isasshen numfashi da alamun hypoxia kamar cyanosis da ƙullewar yatsun hannu (yatsun hannu) suna bayyana, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da vasodilation na ciki da rashin aikin iskar oxygen na jini na jijiyoyin jini, kuma hasashen ba shi da kyau.
28. Ciwon Mirizzi
Ciwon gallbladder ko cystic duct stone, ko kuma tare da kumburin gallbladder, matsin lamba
Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar tilastawa ko shafar bututun hanta na gama gari, wanda ke haifar da yaduwar nama da ke kewaye, kumburi ko stenosis na bututun hanta na gama gari, kuma yana bayyana a asibiti a matsayin jerin cututtukan asibiti waɗanda ke nuna toshewar jaundice, biliary colic ko cholangitis.
Tushen halittarsa shine cewa bututun cystic da bututun hepatic na gama gari suna da tsayi sosai tare ko kuma matsayin haɗin bututun cystic da bututun hepatic na gama gari yayi ƙasa sosai.
29. Budd-Chiari syndrome
Ciwon Budd-Chiari, wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon Budd-Chiari, yana nufin rukuni na hawan jini a portal ko portal da kuma inferior vena cava hypertension wanda ya samo asali daga toshewar jijiyar hanta ko kuma inferior vena cava a sama da buɗewarta.
30. Ciwon Caroli
Faɗaɗa hanyoyin bile na ciki. Tsarin ba a fayyace shi ba. Yana iya kama da choledochal cyst. Yawan kamuwa da cutar cholangiocarcinoma ya fi na jama'a yawa. Alamomin farko na asibiti sune hepatomegaly da ciwon ciki, galibi kamar biliary colic, wanda ke da rikitarwa ta hanyar cutar bile duct. Zazzabi da jaundice na lokaci-lokaci suna faruwa yayin kumburi, kuma matakin jaundice gabaɗaya yana da sauƙi.
31. Ciwon farfadiya
Ciwon bayan gida ne da ke faruwa sakamakon toshewar hanyar fita daga ƙashin ƙugu sakamakon yawan jin zafi ko kuma ƙaruwar tsokar puborectalis.
32. Ciwon ƙashin ƙugu
Yana nufin ƙungiyar cututtuka da ke faruwa sakamakon rashin daidaituwar jijiyoyin jijiyoyi a cikin tsarin ƙashin ƙugu, gami da dubura, tsokar levator ani, da kuma ƙashin dubura na waje. Manyan alamun asibiti sune wahalar yin bayan gida ko rashin daidaita jiki, da kuma matsin lamba da ciwo a ƙasan ƙashin ƙugu. Waɗannan matsalolin wani lokacin sun haɗa da wahalar yin bayan gida, da kuma wani lokacin rashin daidaita jiki da najasa. A cikin mawuyacin hali, suna da zafi sosai.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-06-2024