A cikin 2017, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar dabarun"Ganowa da wuri, ganewar farko, da magani da wuri", wanda aka yi niyya don tunatar da jama'a da su kula da alamun alamun tun da farko.Bayan shekaru na kudin asibiti na gaske,wadannan dabaru guda uku sun zama hanya mafi inganci don rigakafin cutar kansa.
Bisa rahoton da hukumar lafiya ta duniya WHO ta fitar ta ce "Rahoton Ciwon daji na Duniya na 2020" an yi hasashen cewa adadin sabbin masu kamuwa da cutar daji a duniya zai karu zuwa miliyan 30.2 a shekarar 2040 kuma adadin wadanda suka mutu zai kai miliyan 16.3.
A cikin 2020, za a sami sabbin cututtukan daji miliyan 19 a duniya.A wancan lokacin, manyan cututtukan daji guda uku da suka fi yawan ciwon daji a duniya sune: kansar nono (miliyan 22.61), ciwon huhu (miliyan 2.206), ciwon hanji (miliyan 19.31), da ciwon daji na ciki a matsayi na biyar da miliyan 10.89.a cikin adadin sabbin cututtukan daji, ciwon daji na hanji da kansar ciki ya kai kashi 15.8% na duk sabbin cututtukan daji.
Kamar yadda kowa ya sani, sashin Manhua yana nufin daga baki zuwa ƙofar bakan gizo, wanda ya haɗa da hazo, ciki, ƙananan hanji, babban hanji (cecum, appendix, colon, dubura da magudanar tsuliya), hanta, pancreas, da dai sauransu. da colorectum a cikin sababbin cututtukan daji a duniya Ciwon daji da ciwon daji na ciki duka suna cikin tsarin narkewa, don haka ciwon daji masu alaƙa da tsarin narkewa yana buƙatar kulawa da kuma aiwatar da dabarar "tuk da wuri".
A cikin 2020, adadin sabbin masu kamuwa da cutar kansa a cikin ƙasata kuma ya kai miliyan 4.5, kuma adadin masu cutar kansa ya kai miliyan 3.Kimanin mutane 15,000 ne aka gano suna fama da cutar kansa a kowace rana, kuma mutane 10.4 suna kamuwa da cutar kansa a kowane minti daya.Na biyar shi ne kansar huhu(lissafin kashi 17.9% na duk sabbin cututtukan daji),cancer colorectal (12.2%), ciwon ciki (10.5%),ciwon nono (9.1%), da ciwon hanta (9%).Daga cikin manyan cututtukan daji guda biyar kadai,Ciwon daji na ciki ya kai kashi 31.7% na duk sabbin cututtukan daji.Ana iya ganin cewa muna bukatar mu mai da hankali kan ganowa da rigakafin ciwon daji na hanji.
Mai zuwa shine bugu na 2020 (bincike na musamman da shawarwarin rigakafin cutar cutar Chang Beihui) wanda ya haɗa da rigakafin ciwon ƙwayar cuta da tsarin dubawa:
Ciwon daji mai launi
Abubuwa masu haɗari
1.Asymptomatic mutane sama da shekaru 1.45;
2.Mutane sama da 240 suna fama da alamun rashin lafiya na tsawon makonni biyu":
3.Masu fama da ulcerative colitis na dogon lokaci;
4.4 mutane bayan tiyata na ciwon daji;
5. Yawan jama'a bayan jiyya na adenoma colorectal;
6. Abokan dangi na gaggawa tare da tarihin iyali na ciwon daji na launin fata
7. Nan da nan dangin majinyata da aka gano suna da cutar kansar launi na gado waɗanda suka haura shekaru 20.
Shawarwarin Nunawa
1. "Gabaɗaya Jama'a" Nuna Haɗu da 1-5:
(1) Ana fara gwajin cutar kansar launi tun yana ɗan shekara 45, ba tare da la’akari da namiji ko mace ba, ana gano jinin ɓoyayyiyar fitsari (FOBT) sau ɗaya a shekara.
Colonoscopy kowane shekaru 10 har zuwa shekaru 75;
(2) Masu shekaru 76-85, waɗanda ke cikin koshin lafiya, da kuma waɗanda ke da tsawon rai fiye da shekaru 10, za su iya ci gaba da kula da kayan ado.
2 A cikin layi tare da "Bincike na asibiti na 'yan uwa na kusa da tarihin iyali na ciwon daji na launi:
(1) dangi na farko na 1 tare da adenoma mai mahimmanci ko ciwo (shekarun farawa bai wuce shekaru 60 ba), 2
Abokan digiri na farko da sama tare da adenoma mai girma ko ciwon daji (kowane shekarun farko), farawa daga shekaru 40 (ko farawa a shekaru 10 da ke ƙasa da shekarun farkon ɗan ƙaramin dangi), jarrabawar FOBT sau ɗaya. shekara, sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 5 Colonoscopy;
(2) Manyan batutuwa masu haɗari tare da tarihin dangi na dangi na digiri na farko (1 kawai, kuma shekarun farawa ya fi shekaru 60):
Fara dubawa tun yana ɗan shekara 40, tare da gwajin FOBT kowace shekara da ƙwanƙwasawa kowane shekara goma.3 Nuna 'yan uwa na taron "cancer colorectal gado" 7;
Ga dangin marasa lafiya da FAP da HNPCC, ana ba da shawarar gwajin maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta lokacin da maye gurbi a cikin iyali ya bayyana.
(1) Ga waɗanda ke da gwajin maye gurbi mai kyau, bayan shekaru 20, yakamata a yi gwajin colonoscopy kowace shekara 1-2;(2) Ga waɗanda ke da mummunan gwajin maye gurbi, ya kamata a bincika yawan jama'a.Hanyoyi 4 da aka ba da shawarar don dubawa:
(1) Gwajin FOBT + binciken juzu'i shine babbar hanyar binciken Han, kuma shaidar ta isa:
(2) Gano jini mai yawan manufa na iya taimakawa wajen inganta daidaiton lissafin, kuma farashin yana da tsada;(3) Idan sharuɗɗan sun yarda, ana iya yin gwajin ta hanyar haɗa stool da hanyoyin jini.
Shawarar rigakafin:
1. Motsa jiki na iya rage faruwar ciwace-ciwacen daji yadda ya kamata, da riko da shugabancin wasanni, da yin iyo don guje wa kiba;
2. Abincin kwakwalwa mai lafiya, yana kara yawan danyen fiber da sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa, da nisantar abinci mai kitse da furotin;
3 Magungunan da ba na jiki ba na maganin kumburi da ciwon daji na iya yin tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji na hanji.Tsofaffi na iya gwada ƙarancin aspirin, wanda zai iya rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da ciwon daji na hanji.Tuntuɓi likita don takamaiman amfani.
5.Rage shan taba don gujewa daɗaɗɗen daɗaɗɗen sa da zazzaɓi ga Qinghua Dao.
Ciwon Ciki
Abubuwa masu haɗari
Duk wanda ke da daya daga cikin wadannan sharudda to abu ne mai hadarin gaske;
1. Sama da shekaru 60;
2 matsakaici da mai tsanani atrophic gastritis;
3. Ciwon ciki na yau da kullun;
4. Ciwon ciki;
5. Giant ninka alamar mucosa na ciki;
6. Bayan aiki saura ciki ga marasa lafiya cututtuka;
7. Remnant ciki bayan tiyata na ciwon daji na ciki (watanni 6-12 bayan tiyata);
8. Helicobacter pylori kamuwa da cuta;
9. Bayyanar tarihin iyali na ciwon daji na ciki ko na hanji;
10. Mugunyar cutar anemia:
11. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), tarihin iyali na gado marar polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC).
Shawarwarin Nunawa
Shekaru> 40 da ciwon ciki, narkar ciki na ciki, acid regurgitation, ƙwannafi da sauran alamun rashin jin daɗi na epigastric, da kuma kullum gastritis, na ciki mucosal hanji metaplasia, na ciki polyps, ragowar ciki, giant gastric fold ãyã, na kullum na ciki ulcer da na ciki epithelial atypia. Hyperplasia da sauran raunuka da abubuwa tare da tarihin iyali na ciwace-ciwacen daji ya kamata a yi gastroscopy na yau da kullum bisa ga shawarwarin likita.
Nasihar rigakafin
1. Kafa kyawawan halaye na cin abinci da tsarin abinci, ba yawan cin abinci ba;
2. Kawar da cutar Helicobacter pylori;
3. Rage cin abinci mai sanyi, yaji, mai zafi da zafi, da kuma abinci mai yawan gishiri kamar hayaki da tsintsi
4. daina shan taba;
5. Ku sha ƙasa da ƙasa ko a sha barasa mai ƙarfi;
6. Shakata da kuma rage damuwa a hankali
Ciwon daji na Esophageal
Abubuwa masu haɗari
Shekaru> Shekaru 40 kuma sun hadu da kowane ɗayan abubuwan haɗari masu zuwa:
1. Daga yankin da ake fama da cutar sankara ta hanji a cikin ƙasata (mafi yawan yanki na cutar kansar esophageal a cikin ƙasata yana cikin lardunan Hebei, Henan da Shanxi a kudancin tsaunin Taihang, musamman a gundumar Cixian. a Qinling, Dutsen Dabie, arewacin Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, arewacin Jiangsu, Xinjiang, da dai sauransu. ƙasa da nau'i-nau'i na kwayoyin halitta sun mayar da hankali a wurare masu yawa);
2. Alamomin ciki na sama, kamar tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ciki, raguwar acid, rashin jin daɗi da sauran alamomi;
3. Tarihin iyali na ciwon esophageal:
4. Yin fama da cutar sankarau mai saurin kisa ko ciwon daji:
5. Samun manyan abubuwan haɗari ga ciwon daji na esophageal kamar shan taba, shan giya mai yawa, kiba, sha'awar abinci mai zafi, squamous cell carcinoma na kai da wuya ko numfashi na numfashi;
6. Wahala daga cututtukan cututtuka na periesophageal (CERD);
7. Cutar cutar papillomavirus (HPV).
Shawarwarin Nunawa
Mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji na esophageal:
1. Endoscopy na yau da kullun, sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu;
2 Endoscopy tare da binciken ilimin cututtuka na dysplasia mai laushi, endoscopy sau ɗaya a shekara;
3 Endoscopy tare da binciken ilimin cututtuka na dysplasia matsakaici, endoscopy kowane watanni shida
Nasihar rigakafin
1. Kar a daina shan taba ko daina shan taba;
2. Ƙananan adadin barasa ko babu barasa;
3. Ku ci abinci mai dacewa, ku ci sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari
4. Haɓaka motsa jiki da kiyaye nauyin lafiya;
5. Kada a ci abinci mai zafi ko shan ruwan zafi.
ciwon hanta
Abubuwa masu haɗari
Maza masu shekaru sama da 35 da mata sama da shekaru 45 a cikin kowane rukuni masu zuwa:
1. Cutar cutar hanta ta B (HBV) na yau da kullun ko kamuwa da cutar hanta ta C (HCV);
2. Wadanda ke da tarihin iyali na ciwon hanta;
3. Marasa lafiya tare da hanta cirrhosis lalacewa ta hanyar schistosomiasis, barasa, primary biliary cirrhosis, da dai sauransu;
4. Marasa lafiya tare da lalacewar hanta ta hanyar miyagun ƙwayoyi;
5. Marasa lafiya tare da cututtuka na rayuwa da aka gada, ciki har da: hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin rashi, cututtukan glycogen ajiya, jinkirta cutaneous porphyria, tyrosinemia, da dai sauransu;
6. Marasa lafiya da autoimmune hepatitis;
7. Marasa lafiya masu ciwon hanta (NAFLD).
Shawarwarin Nunawa
1. Ya kamata a binciki mazan da suka haura shekaru 35 da mata sama da shekaru 45 masu hadarin kamuwa da ciwon hanta;
2. Haɗe-haɗe aikace-aikace na serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) da hanta B-ultrasound, nunawa kowane watanni 6.
Nasihar rigakafin
1. Alurar rigakafin cutar Hepatitis B;
2. Marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon hanta na kullum yakamata su sami maganin rigakafi da wuri-wuri don sarrafa kwafin cutar hanta.
3. Kaurace wa ko rage shan barasa;
4. Cin abinci mai sauƙi da rage cin abinci mai maiko
5. A guji cin abinci mara kyau.
Ciwon daji na Pancreatic
Abubuwa masu haɗari
Mutanen da suka haura shekaru 40, musamman ma fiye da shekaru 50, tare da kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan (abu na shida baya ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na pancreatic, amma ba a yin gwajin gabaɗaya):
1. Tarihin iyali na ciwon daji na pancreatic da ciwon sukari;
2. Akwai tarihin shan taba na dogon lokaci, sha, mai mai yawa da abinci mai gina jiki;
3. Ciwon ciki na tsakiya da na sama, rashin jin dadi, ciwon ciki ba tare da wani dalili na zahiri ba, da alamomi kamar rashin ci, gajiya, gudawa, rage kiba, ciwon baya da sauransu;
4. Maimaita lokuta na na kullum pancreatitis, musamman na kullum pancreatitis tare da pancreatic bututu duwatsu, babban pancreatic duct-type mucinous papilloma, mucinous cystic adenoma, da m pseudopapillary ƙari, tare da dagagge serum CA19-9;
5. Kwatsam kwanan nan na ciwon sukari mellitus ba tare da tarihin iyali ba;
6. Helicobacter pylori (HP) tabbatacce, tarihin periodontitis na baka, ciwon PJ, da dai sauransu.
Shawarwarin Nunawa
1. Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama suna nunawa tare da sakamakon gwajin jini na alamun ciwon daji irin su CA19-9, CA125 CEA, da dai sauransu, tare da CT na ciki da MRI na ciki, kuma B-ultrasound na iya ba da taimako mai dacewa;
2. Gwajin CT ko MR sau ɗaya a shekara don yawan mutanen da aka ambata a sama, musamman waɗanda ke da tarihin iyali da raunuka na pancreatic.
Nasihar rigakafin
1. daina shan taba da sarrafa barasa;
2. Haɓaka haske, sauƙi mai narkewa, abinci maras nauyi;
3. Ku ci karin kaji, kifi da jatan lande, da haɓaka cin kayan lambu na fure "+", kamar koren kabeji, kabeji, radish, broccoli, da dai sauransu;
4. Haɓaka ayyukan motsa jiki na waje
5. Domin hana tabarbarewar raunukan da ba su da kyau, wadanda ke da duwatsun bututun pancreatic, papilloma na mucinous mucinous papilloma da cystic adenoma ko wasu cututtukan pancreatic mara kyau ya kamata su nemi kulawar likita cikin lokaci.
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Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-09-2022